Date:
Pit, published in 1904 by Parker Brothers, does not have a credited designer.
Why Pit is Part of the Games Timeline:
Pit is one of the first games in which every player takes part simultaneously.
Here are the other games I believe are the most culturally and historically significant games published since 1800.
More About Pit:
Pit was most likely based on the successful game Gavitt's Stock Exchange, invented in 1903 by Harry E. Gavitt of Topeka, Kansas. Out of the Box Publishing has published a centennial edition of Gavitt's Stock Exchange.
Players try to gather a complete set of one commodity in Pit, a fast-paced and often loud card game. It has been in print for 100 years, giving many generations of game players a shared experience.

